REFLEXIÓN FINAL

Como reflexión personal , de verdad esta semana fue muy atareada con  mucha calidad, conocí personas muy agradables  y sencillas, la profesora mas de súper especial  dinámica encantadora, de URBE me guardo los comentarios solo menciono que la excelencia se demuestra no se alardea, del curso lástima que fue muy fugas pero de verdad es lo máximo, ya tengo mi propio BLOGGER, es algo nuevo en mi carrera, creía que me la sabia todas mas una como Ingeniero y la Profesora Doris me dio mi escarmiento ,saludos nos veremos en los pasillos de URBE LOS SABADOS…….

Éxitos  a todos y que salga muy bien en su tesis Doctora CRUZ…….

REFLEXIONES SOBRE UN INGENIERO ESTA BUENO

- Un Ingeniero no es que sea prepotente, es que está rodeado de inútiles.

- Un Ingeniero no tiene el ego muy Grande, es que el cuarto es muy chiquito

- No es que quieran tener la razón siempre, es que los otros siempre se equivocan.

- Un Ingeniero no es que carezca de sentimientos, es que Los otros son unas nenas lloronas

- Un Ingeniero no tiene vida desorganizada, es solo que tiene un ritmo de vida particular.

- Un Ingeniero no ve el mundo, lo cambia.

- Un Ingeniero no es que sea un crecido, es que los simples mortales no lo comprenden.

- Un Ingeniero no es un ser calculador y frío, simplemente, le parece divertido pasar por encima de la gente común.

- Un Ingeniero no es un Enredador, es que los usuarios se enredan porque no entienden nada.

- Un Ingeniero no es un crítico, es que los errores de la gente son muy evidentes.

- Un Ingeniero no es un inútil para hacer tareas cotidianas, es que para que demonios gastan sus valiosas energías en bobadas.

- No es que el trabajo los absorba es que… De que carajos estaba hablando?

- Un Ingeniero no comete errores, solo prueba si los demás estaban prestando atención!!

- No es que se crean la gran cosa, ES QUE LO SON!!!

TAREA 2 UNIDAD 4 MARCADORES DE DISCURSO DE DEFINICION

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity

Electricity

Long before any knowledge of electricity existed people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BC referred to these fish as the "Thunderer of the Nile", and described them as the "protectors" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians.^[2] Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by catfish and torpedo rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects.^[3] Patients suffering from ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them.^[4]Possibly the earliest and nearest approach to the discovery of the identity of lightning, and electricity from any other source, is to be attributed to the Arabs, who before the 15th century had the Arabic word for lightning (raad) applied to the electric ray^.
Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletos made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BC, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing.^[6][7] Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature

TAREA 2 UNIDAD 4 MARCADORES DE TIEMPO

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_World_War

World War I

World War I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers (originally centred around the Triple Alliance).More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history.More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of great technological advances in firepower without corresponding advances in mobility. It was the sixth deadliest conflict in world history.

The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was the proximate trigger of the war. Long-term causes, such as imperialistic foreign policies of the great powers of Europe, including the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire, the British Empire, France, and Italy, played a major role. Ferdinand's assassination by a Yugoslav nationalist resulted in a Habsburg ultimatum against the Kingdom of Serbia. Several alliances formed over the past decades were invoked, so within weeks the major powers were at war; via their colonies, the conflict soon spread around the world.

On 28 July, the conflict opened with the Austro-Hungarian invasion of Serbia, followed by the German invasion of Belgium, Luxembourg and France; and a Russian attack against Germany. After the German march on Paris was brought to a halt, the Western Front settled into a static battle of attrition with a trench line that changed little until 1917. In the East, the Russian army successfully fought against the Austro-Hungarian forces but was forced back by the German army. Additional fronts opened after the Ottoman Empire joined the war in 1914, Italy and Bulgaria in 1915 and Romania in 1916. The Russian Empire collapsed in 1917, and Russia left the war after the October Revolution later that year. After a 1918 German offensive along the western front, United States forces entered the trenches and the Allies drove back the German armies in a series of successful offensives. Germany agreed to a cease-fire on 11 November 1918, later known as Armistice Day.

TAREA 1 UNIDAD 1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_systems_of_the_world

Legal systems

Main article: Legal systems of the world

In general, legal systems can be split between civil law and common law systems.The term "civil law" referring to a legal system should not be confused with "civil law" as a group of legal subjects distinct from criminal or public law. A third type of legal system—accepted by some countries without separation of church and state—is religious law, based on scriptures. The specific system that a country is ruled by is often determined by its history, connections with other countries, or its adherence to international standards. The sources that jurisdictions adopt as authoritatively binding are the defining features of any legal system. Yet classification is a matter of form rather than substance, since similar rules often prevail.

PALABRAS NUEVAS.

1.-Matter.

2.-Binding.

3.-Rather.

 SIGNIFICADOS DE LAS PALABRAS NUEVAS Y ABREVIATURAS.

SUSTANTIVOS: ADHERENCE – SUBSTANCE.

CONJUGACIONES:OR – AND.

COGNADOS VERDADEROS: LEGAL –HISTORY- SIMILAR.

COGNADOS FALSOS:

ADJETIVOS: THAT – OTHER.

VERBOS: BE - ARE

PREPOSICIONES:

PREFIJOS: INTERNATIONAL

SUFIJOS:NO HAY.

ARTICULOS: THE – SOME

IDEA PRINCIPAL: LOS SITEMAS JURIDICOS Y SUS DIVISIONES.

IDEA SEGUNDARIA: SISTEMAS JURIDICOS A NIVEL DE CUALQUIER PAIS.

TAREA 1 UNIDAD 3

PIE DE PAGINA DEL DIBUJO : Proven Oil Reserves, as published by the CIA Factbook, 2009

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_oil_reserves

Oil reserves

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

  (Redirected from World oil reserves)

Jump to: navigation, search

Proven Oil Reserves, as published by the CIA Factbook, 2009

The total estimated amount of oil in an oil reservoir, including both producible and non-producible oil, is called oil in place. However, because of reservoir characteristics and limitations in petroleum extraction technologies, only a fraction of this oil can be brought to the surface, and it is only this producible fraction that is considered to be reserves. The ratio of producible oil reserves to total oil in place for a given field is often referred to as the recovery factor. Recovery factors vary greatly among oil fields. The recovery factor of any particular field may change over time based on operating history and in response to changes in technology and economics. The recovery factor may also rise over time if additional investment is made in enhanced oil recovery techniques such as gas injection, surfactants injection, water-flooding,^[1] or microbial enhanced oil recovery.
Based on data from BP at the end of 2009 the highest proved oil reserves including non-conventional oil deposits are in Saudi Arabia (18 per cent of global reserves), Canada (12 %, mostly oil sands), Venezuela (12 %, mostly tar sands), Iran (9 %), Iraq (8 %), Kuwait (7 %), UAE (7 %) and Russia (5 %).^[2]
Because the geology of the subsurface cannot be examined directly, indirect techniques must be used to estimate the size and recoverability of the resource. While new technologies have increased the accuracy of these techniques, significant uncertainties still remain. In general, most early estimates of the reserves of an oil field are conservative and tend to grow with time. This phenomenon is called reserves growth
Many oil-producing nations do not reveal their reservoir engineering field data and instead provide unaudited claims for their oil reserves. The numbers disclosed by some national governments are suspected of being manipulated for political reasons

PREDICCIÓN DEL TÓPICO QUE ESTOY A PUNTO DE LEER

Reservas de petróleo

IDEA PRINCIPAL DEL TEXTO

Define el concepto de reservas y hace un estimado de las reservas mundiales probadas hasta el año 2009, por porcetajes.

IDEA GENERAL DEL TEXTO

Reservas mundiales de petróleo con sus reservas probadas.

PALABRAS QUE SE REPITEN

Oil Reservoir, Petroleum, Technology, Recovery, Oil Fields, Reserves, Recovery Factor

Quality management program, cost.

COGNADOS

Reservoir, Extraction, Economics, Technology, Conventional, Deposits, Indirect, Phenomenon, Based, Estimated, Producible, Limitations, Fraction, Factors, Particular.

AYUDAN A ENTENDER EL TEXTO

Título: OIL RESERVES

El PIE DE LA IMAGEN:

 Proven Oil Reserves, as published by the CIA Factbook, 2009

LA IMAGEN

ES UN MAPAMUNDI, DONDE  POR ESCALA DE COLORES DESDE EL COLOR MAS CLARO HASTA EL MAS OSCURO LA CANTIDAD DE RESERVAS PROBADAS QUE TIENEN LOS PÁISES MAS PRODUCTORES DE PETROLEO A NIVEL MUNDIAL, Y HACE RELACION EN BASE A ESAS RESERVAS PROBADAS UN PORCENTAJE POR PAIS A NIVEL  PARA REALIZAR LA COMPARACION

TAREA 2 UNIDAD 3

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostradamus

Biography Nostradamus

Childhood

(Born on 14, or 21 December 1503 - 2 July 1566) .In Saint-Rémy-de-Provence in the south of France, where his claimed birthplace still exists, Michel de Nostredame was one of at least nine children of Reynière (or Renée) de Saint-Rémy and grain dealer and notary Jaume (or Jacques) de Nostredame. The latter's family had originally been Jewish, but Jaume's father, Guy Gassonet, had converted to Catholicism around 1455, taking the Christian name "Pierre" and the surname "Nostredame" (the latter apparently from the saint's day on which his conversion was solemnized).Michel's known siblings included Delphine, Jean I (c. 1507–77), Pierre, Hector, Louis, Bertrand, Jean II (born 1522) and Antoine (born 1523).Little else is known about his childhood, although there is a persistent tradition that he was educated by his maternal great-grandfather Jean de St. Rémy[5] – a tradition which is somewhat undermined by the fact that the latter disappears from the historical record after 1504, when the child was only one year old.

Student years

At the age of fifteen[7] Nostredame entered the University of Avignon to study for his baccalaureate. After little more than a year (when he would have studied the regular trivium of grammar, rhetoric and logic, rather than the later quadrivium of geometry, arithmetic, music and astronomy/astrology), he was forced to leave Avignon when the university closed its doors in the face of an outbreak of the plague. After leaving Avignon, Nostredame (according to his own account) travelled the countryside for eight years from 1521 researching herbal remedies. In 1529, after some years as an apothecary, he entered the University of Montpellier to study for a doctorate in medicine. He was expelled shortly afterwards by the university's procurator, Guillaume Rondelet, when it was discovered that he had been an apothecary, a "manual trade" expressly banned by the university statutes[8], and had been slandering doctors.[9] The expulsion document (BIU Montpellier, Register S 2 folio 87) still exists in the faculty library.[2] However, some of his publishers and correspondents would later call him "Doctor". After his expulsion, Nostredame continued working, presumably still as an apothecary, and became famous for creating a "rose pill" that supposedly protected against the plague.

¿CUÁNDO NACIÓ NOSTRADAMUS?

14 OR 21 DECEMBER 1503.

¿DÓNDE NACIÓ?

In Saint-Rémy-de-Provence in the south of France.

¿QUÉ PROFESIONES TUVO?

¿EN QUE UNIVERSIDADES ESTUDIO?

Universidad de Avignon, Universidad de Montpellier.

¿CUÁNDO MURIÓ NOSTRADAMUS?

2 July 1566

TALLER DIA SABADO 27-08-2011

1. Selecciona un texto relacionado con tu área de interés.

• Identifica 3 palabras que no conoces. Búscalas en el diccionario, escribe su significado en español.. Agrega las abreviaciones. Indicar que tipo de palabra es (contenido- función)

a.- SPUR: S. Incentivo, espuela, estimular.

b.- FURTHER: ADJ. Más lejano, Alejado, Adicional, Más adelante.

c.- THROUGH: PREP. A través, Por medio de.

2. Idea principal del texto (en español). Explique que dice el texto en sus propias palabras.

Fuentes de la Innovación según diferentes autores, en forma general en el ámbito humano.

3. Categorías lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoría)

Palabras de contenido: NETWORS – LANGUAGE.

Palabras de Función: BY – OF.

Verbos: MEANING – ASSERTS.

Adverbio: NOWADAYS – THERE.

Adjetivo: THIS- ANOTHER – THAT.

Artículo: THE -  AN.

Sustantivos: ALREADY - INNOVATION

Preposiciones: IN- ON.
Conjunción: AS - BECAUSE

Cognados verdaderos: INNOVATION - INNOVACIÓN. PERCEPTION- PERCEPCIÓN.

Cognados Falsos: FIRMS – FIRMAS.

Sufijo: CLOSELY – ACTUALLY.

Prefijos: ALREADY – EXCHANGE.

B. Estructura de la oración:

1.     Seleccione dos oraciones de un texto relacionado con su experticia. (Incluya referencia).

In such networks of innovation the users or communities of users can further develop technologies and reinvent their social meaning.

Frase nominal:  In such networks of innovation the users or communities of users

Núcleo de la frase nominal: NETWORKS

Pre modificadores: IN

Post modificadores:  OF- THE –OR

Frase verbal: can further develop technologies and reinvent their social meaning.

Núcleo de la frase verbal: CAN DEVELOP

Tiempo verbal: PRESENTE SIMPLE

2. señales algunos referentes presentes en su texto:

This is where an agent (person or company) develops an innovation for their own (personal or in-house) use because existing products do not meet their needs.

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