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PIE DE PAGINA DEL DIBUJO : Proven Oil Reserves, as published by the CIA Factbook, 2009

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_oil_reserves

Oil reserves

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Proven Oil Reserves, as published by the CIA Factbook, 2009

The total estimated amount of oil in an oil reservoir, including both producible and non-producible oil, is called oil in place. However, because of reservoir characteristics and limitations in petroleum extraction technologies, only a fraction of this oil can be brought to the surface, and it is only this producible fraction that is considered to be reserves. The ratio of producible oil reserves to total oil in place for a given field is often referred to as the recovery factor. Recovery factors vary greatly among oil fields. The recovery factor of any particular field may change over time based on operating history and in response to changes in technology and economics. The recovery factor may also rise over time if additional investment is made in enhanced oil recovery techniques such as gas injection, surfactants injection, water-flooding,^[1] or microbial enhanced oil recovery.
Based on data from BP at the end of 2009 the highest proved oil reserves including non-conventional oil deposits are in Saudi Arabia (18 per cent of global reserves), Canada (12 %, mostly oil sands), Venezuela (12 %, mostly tar sands), Iran (9 %), Iraq (8 %), Kuwait (7 %), UAE (7 %) and Russia (5 %).^[2]
Because the geology of the subsurface cannot be examined directly, indirect techniques must be used to estimate the size and recoverability of the resource. While new technologies have increased the accuracy of these techniques, significant uncertainties still remain. In general, most early estimates of the reserves of an oil field are conservative and tend to grow with time. This phenomenon is called reserves growth
Many oil-producing nations do not reveal their reservoir engineering field data and instead provide unaudited claims for their oil reserves. The numbers disclosed by some national governments are suspected of being manipulated for political reasons

PREDICCIÓN DEL TÓPICO QUE ESTOY A PUNTO DE LEER

Reservas de petróleo

IDEA PRINCIPAL DEL TEXTO

Define el concepto de reservas y hace un estimado de las reservas mundiales probadas hasta el año 2009, por porcetajes.

IDEA GENERAL DEL TEXTO

Reservas mundiales de petróleo con sus reservas probadas.

PALABRAS QUE SE REPITEN

Oil Reservoir, Petroleum, Technology, Recovery, Oil Fields, Reserves, Recovery Factor

Quality management program, cost.

COGNADOS

Reservoir, Extraction, Economics, Technology, Conventional, Deposits, Indirect, Phenomenon, Based, Estimated, Producible, Limitations, Fraction, Factors, Particular.

AYUDAN A ENTENDER EL TEXTO

Título: OIL RESERVES

El PIE DE LA IMAGEN:

 Proven Oil Reserves, as published by the CIA Factbook, 2009

LA IMAGEN

ES UN MAPAMUNDI, DONDE  POR ESCALA DE COLORES DESDE EL COLOR MAS CLARO HASTA EL MAS OSCURO LA CANTIDAD DE RESERVAS PROBADAS QUE TIENEN LOS PÁISES MAS PRODUCTORES DE PETROLEO A NIVEL MUNDIAL, Y HACE RELACION EN BASE A ESAS RESERVAS PROBADAS UN PORCENTAJE POR PAIS A NIVEL  PARA REALIZAR LA COMPARACION